EqualApple

serviced offices

2006-11-01T13:40:00.000-08:00

Office planet have a huge database of serviced offices throughout the UK. serviced offices provide an affordable and hassle free office solution

Hexameter

2005-04-04T19:48:00.000-07:00

A line of verse containing six feet, usually dactyls (¢ {breve} {breve}). Dactylic hexameter is the oldest known form of Greek poetry and is the preeminent metre of narrative and didactic poetry in Greek and Latin, in which its position is comparable to that of iambic pentameter in English versification. The epics of Homer and of Virgil are composed in dactylic hexameter.

China, Neolithic Period

2005-04-03T22:27:00.000-07:00

The complex of developments in stone tool technology, food production and storage, and social organization that is often characterized as the “Neolithic Revolution” was in progress in China by at least the 6th millennium BC. Developments in the Chinese Neolithic were to establish some of the major cultural dimensions of the subsequent Bronze Age.

Rural Society

2005-04-02T20:43:00.000-08:00

Society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuffs, fibres, and raw materials. Such areas are difficult to define with greater precision, for, although in nonindustrialized nations the transition from city to countryside is usually abrupt, it is gradual in industrialized

Alvarez, Luis W.

2005-04-02T20:22:00.000-08:00

Alvarez studied physics at the University of Chicago (B.S.,

Breathing

2005-03-31T00:07:00.000-08:00

The action of moving air or water across the surface of a respiratory structure, such as a gill or lung, to facilitate respiration (the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment). See respiration.

Biblical Literature, Textual criticism

2005-03-30T13:05:00.000-08:00

Textual criticism is concerned with the basic task of establishing, as far as possible, the original text of the documents on the basis of the available materials. For the Old Testament, until 1947, these materials consisted principally of: (1) Hebrew manuscripts dated from the 9th century AD onward, the Masoretic text, the traditional Jewish text with its vocalization and punctuation

Lippe River

2005-03-29T03:33:00.000-08:00

River, a right-bank tributary of the Rhine, that flows through North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state) in Germany. Rising near Bad Lippspringe on the western edge of the Teutoburger Wald, the Lippe follows a westerly course of 155 miles (250 km) and flows into the Rhine near Wesel. The river lies along the northern border of the Ruhr industrial region. By the aid of locks it is navigable

Amboseli National Park

2005-03-28T17:12:00.000-08:00

Formerly Masai Amboseli Game Reserve, national park, southern Kenya, East Africa. Amboseli was originally established as a game reserve in 1948 and covered 1,259 sq mi (3,261 sq km), northwest of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Within it were distinguished seven habitats: open plains, acacia woodland, lava-strewn thorn-bush country, swamp, marshland, the Amboseli lake bed, and the slopes of Oldoinyo Orok. The reserve was also occupied

Aylesbury

2005-03-27T10:00:00.000-08:00

Town, Aylesbury Vale district, administrative and historic county of Buckinghamshire, England. The town lies at the centre of a rich clay vale. It was once an important market town for ducks and dairy produce but is now an expanding centre of industry, which includes food processing, light engineering, and especially printing. The town's market square is surrounded

Eitner, Robert

2005-03-27T00:56:00.000-08:00

In 1868 Eitner founded the Gesellschaft

Yoro

2005-03-25T15:38:00.000-08:00

City, northwestern Honduras. Situated in the highlands at an elevation of 1,837 feet (559 m), it is located near the headwaters of the Aguán River. Although its founding date is uncertain, it was first mentioned in 1684. It is now a commercial and manufacturing centre in a fertile agricultural area. Coffee, tobacco, livestock, and timber are the principal products of the region. In the

Sufetula

2005-03-25T14:19:00.000-08:00

At Sufetula, as elsewhere in the interior of Tunisia, Roman skill in the conservation

Malaria

2005-03-23T09:50:00.000-08:00

A serious, acute and chronic relapsing infection in humans, characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever, anemia, splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen), and often fatal complications. Malaria also is found in apes, monkeys, rats, birds, and reptiles. It is caused by various species of protozoa (one-celled organisms) called sporozoans (subphylum Sporozoa) that

Hippolytus, Canons Of Saint

2005-03-23T08:08:00.000-08:00

These canons are neither the authentic work of St. Hippolytus nor the oldest church regulations but are a later adaptation of the Apostolic Tradition of St. Hippolytus. The unknown author

Aracaju

2005-03-21T09:47:00.000-08:00

Port city and capital, Sergipe estado (“state”), northeastern Brazil, lying on the Continguiba River at the base of a ridge of sand hills 6 miles (10 km) from the coast. The city, which was founded in 1855 as a new state capital, is laid out in an unusual grid pattern. It is a regional commercial and industrial centre, processing leather, bananas, cassava, feijão (beans), mangoes, cashews, salt,

Plummer, Christopher

2005-03-19T06:51:00.000-08:00

Plummer made his first professional appearance in 1950 in Ottawa and spent several years performing with Canadian repertory theatre groups. In 1954 he made his New York City debut and soon attracted wide critical praise.

Middle Anglia

2005-03-19T04:24:00.000-08:00

A province of Anglo-Saxon England lying between East Anglia and Mercia. It certainly comprised the basins of the Nene, Welland, and Great Ouse, with the districts west of the fens and probably extended into present Oxfordshire. Parts of the area were settled early, but nothing is known of its political history until 653, when it was subject to Mercia, under the rule of Penda's

Eckert, J. Presper, Jr.

2005-03-18T21:25:00.000-08:00

Eckert was educated at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.S., 1941; M.S., 1943), where he and his professor, John W.

Switzerland, The postwar period

2005-03-16T16:23:00.000-08:00

Switzerland's wartime relations with Germany compromised its postwar standing. In a 1946 agreement, the Western Allies, especially the United States, compelled Switzerland to compensate the looted Western central banks. Because Switzerland would have received no special recognition of its neutrality, the Federal Council decided not to join the United

Anstey, Christopher

2005-03-16T07:30:00.000-08:00

Poet whose epistolary novel in verse, The New Bath Guide, went through more than 30 editions between 1766 and 1830. After an education at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, Anstey in 1754 inherited an independent income; and in 1770 he settled permanently at Bath, fashionable spa of the 18th century. The New Bath Guide; or, Memoirs of the B—R

Jaca

2005-03-16T02:36:00.000-08:00

City, Huesca provincia, in the communidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Aragon, northeastern Spain, on the plateau on the southern bank of the Aragón River, just south of the French border. Of ancient origin, the city was captured by the Romans in 194 BC and surrounded by walls, which, with medieval additions, still partly stand. In 716 it was taken by the Moors and, under the name

Cleopatra's Needle

2005-03-15T21:32:00.000-08:00

Either of two monumental Egyptian obelisks. See obelisk.

Eusebius Of Emesa

2005-03-15T11:24:00.000-08:00

A friend of the Roman emperor Constantius II, whom he often accompanied on expeditions against the Persians, Eusebius was appointed (c. 339) to the see

Mauritania

2005-03-14T05:17:00.000-08:00

Officially Islamic Republic of Mauritania , Arabic Muritaniya , or al-Jumhuriyah al-Islamiyah al-Muritaniyah , French Mauritanie , or République Islamique de Mauritanie state in northwestern Africa. With an area of 398,000 square miles (1,030,700 square kilometres), it has the shape of an indented rectangle measuring about 930 miles (1,500 kilometres) from north to south and about 680 miles from east to west. It is bordered to the northwest by the Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara), to the northeast by Algeria, to the east and southeast by Mali, and to the southwest

Haeckel, Ernst

2005-03-13T14:38:00.000-08:00

In full Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel German zoologist and evolutionist who was a strong proponent of Darwinism and who proposed new notions of the evolutionary descent of man.

Lentulus, Publius Cornelius

2005-03-13T11:40:00.000-08:00

In 81 Lentulus was quaestor to Lucius Cornelius Sulla. When Sulla later accused him of having squandered public funds, Lentulus scornfully held out the calf of his leg, a gesture normally used by ball-playing boys inviting punishment for an error. He was praetor in 74 and consul

Adam, Robert

2005-03-13T06:12:00.000-08:00

Scottish architect and designer who, with his brother James (1730–94), transformed Palladian Neoclassicism in England into the airy, light, elegant style that bears their name. His major architectural works include public buildings (especially in London), and his designs were used for the interiors of such country mansions as Syon

Cyst

2005-03-10T19:36:00.000-08:00

Although the majority of cysts are benign, several varieties may be malignant or precancerous. Benign cysts often require

Uzziah

2005-03-10T02:38:00.000-08:00

During the period of Uzziah's

Roman

2005-03-09T21:59:00.000-08:00

When the art of printing from movable metal type was perfected midway through the 15th century, letter cutters attempted to make their letter forms

Sa'adia Ben Joseph

2005-03-09T06:14:00.000-08:00

Arabic Sa'id Ibn Yusuf Al-fayyumi Jewish exegete, philosopher, and polemicist whose influence on Jewish literary and communal activities made him one of the most important Jewish scholars of his time. His unique qualities became especially apparent in 921 in Babylonia during a dispute over Jewish calendrical calculations. He produced his greatest

Ramazan Dynasty

2005-03-08T14:34:00.000-08:00

In 1352 Ramazan, founder of the dynasty, was recognized by the Mamluk sultan of Egypt as the ruler of the Üçok branch of Oguz Turkmen in Çukurova. After a period of attempts to overthrow Mamluk suzerainty, the dynasty's principality about 1418 came under direct Mamluk control and lost its

Bar-le-duc

2005-03-07T16:32:00.000-08:00

Capital of Meuse département, Lorraine région, northeastern France. It extends out along the narrow valley of the Ornain River, west of Nancy. To the northeast is the Canal de la Marne au Rhin, on the southwest the Canal des Usines. The Ornain River valley is enclosed by wooded and vine-clad hills. From the 10th century Bar was the seat of a countship, and later a duchy. The remains

Toadfish

2005-03-07T02:17:00.000-08:00

Any of about 45 species of bottom-living fishes constituting the family Batrachoididae and the order Batrachoidiformes. They are found chiefly in the New World and mostly in warm seas—occasionally in freshwater. Toadfishes are heavy-bodied fishes with broad, flattened heads and large mouths equipped with strong teeth. They grow to a maximum of about 40 cm (16 inches) and

Chan Painting

2005-03-06T19:49:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization Ch'an school of Chinese painting inspired by the “meditative” school of Buddhism called, in Chinese, Chan (Japanese: Zen). Although Chan originated in China with an Indian monk, Bodhidharma, it came to be the most Chinese of Buddhist schools. The ideals of the school later frequently found expression in a special kind of art, typically composed

Lighthouse

2005-03-05T21:11:00.000-08:00

Structure, usually with a tower, built onshore or on the seabed to serve as an aid to maritime coastal navigation, warning the mariner of hazards, establishing his position, and guiding him to his destination. From the sea a lighthouse may be identified by the distinctive shape or colour of its structure, by the colour or flash pattern of its light, or by the coded pattern

Ethelred Ii

2005-03-05T08:28:00.000-08:00

The son of King Edgar (ruled 959–975), Ethelred ascended the throne upon the assassination of his

Qian Zhongshu

2005-03-04T09:58:00.000-08:00

Qian attended missionary schools in Su-chou and Wu-hsi while receiving English and classical Chinese training under the tutelage of his father, Qian Jibo. A student of the Department of

Brücke, Die

2005-03-03T21:24:00.000-08:00

The group was founded in 1905 in Germany by four architectural students in Dresden—Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, who gave the group its name, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Other artists joined the organization over the next several

World War I, Czechs, Yugoslavs, and Poles

2005-03-02T15:50:00.000-08:00

Something must now be said about the growth of the national movements, which, under the eventual protection of the Allies, were to result in the foundation of new states or the resurrection of long-defunct ones at the end of the war. There were three such movements: that of the Czechs, with the more backward Slovaks in tow; that of the South Slavs, or Yugoslavs (Serbs, Croats,

Parks, Rosa

2005-03-02T06:42:00.000-08:00

Parks attended Alabama State College (now Alabama State University) and made her living as a seamstress. In 1943 she became

Scandinavian Literature, The development of the Icelandic drama

2005-03-01T17:36:00.000-08:00

Icelandic drama really started to develop through Jóhann Sigurjónsson, whose first success was Fjalla-Eyvindur (1911; Eyvind of the Hills), followed by Galdra-Loftur (1915; “Loftur the Sorcerer”); both plays were based on powerful folktales. Gudmundur Kamban's Hadda-Padda (1914) was highly praised by Georg Brandes, and he remained important in Scandinavian drama for the next quarter

Manasseh Ben Israel

2005-03-01T04:13:00.000-08:00

Manasseh was born into a family of Marranos (Jews of Spain and Portugal who publicly accepted Christianity but privately practiced Judaism). After his father appeared as a penitent in an auto da fé, the family escaped

British Antarctic Territory

2005-02-28T08:25:00.000-08:00

A territory of the United Kingdom lying southeast of South America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. Triangular in shape, it has an area (mostly ocean) of 2,095,000 square miles (5,425,000 square km), bounded by the South Pole (south), latitude 60° S (north), and by longitudes 20° W (east) and 80° W (west). It includes all land areas south of 60° S and between the aforementioned

Holly

2005-02-27T07:04:00.000-08:00

Any of the shrubs and trees of the genus Ilex, in the family Aquifoliaceae, comprising about 400 species of red- or black-berried plants, including the popular Christmas hollies. They have alternate, simple leaves and single or clustered, small, usually greenish flowers (male and female being usually on separate plants). English holly (I. aquifolium), a tree growing

Hugh Town

2005-02-26T10:15:00.000-08:00

Village and capital of the Isles of Scilly, historic county of Cornwall, England. Located on a sandy peninsula on the southwestern side of St. Mary's Island, the village has a harbour and a roadstead where large vessels can lie at anchor. Hugh Town gave shelter to Prince Charles (later Charles II) until his escape to Jersey in 1646. The economy is centred on fishing and tourism.

Umuahia

2005-02-26T01:22:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Abia state, southern Nigeria. It lies along the railroad from Port Harcourt to Enugu. It is an agricultural market centre and (since 1916) collecting point on the railway for the crops of the surrounding region: yams, cassava, corn (maize), taro, citrus fruits, and palm oil and kernels. The town has a palm-oil-processing plant and several breweries, and the National

Fain, Agathon-jean-françois, Baron

2005-02-25T21:05:00.000-08:00

Before his appointment to the emperor's cabinet in 1806, Fain had worked since 1795 in various state archives. Napoleon made him a baron in

Usman Dan Fodio

2005-02-24T16:35:00.000-08:00

Usman also spelled Uthman or Usuman, Arabic 'Uthman Ibn Fudi Fulani mystic, philosopher, and revolutionary reformer who, in a jihad (holy war) between 1804 and 1808, created a new Muslim state, the Fulani empire, in what is now northern Nigeria.

Atholl, John Murray, 2nd Earl And 1st Marquess Of, Earl Of Tullibardin, Viscount Of Balquhidder, Lord Murray, Balvany, And Gask

2005-02-24T05:14:00.000-08:00

The son of the 1st earl of Atholl in the Murray line, Atholl was the chief supporter of the earl of Glencairn's rising in 1653 but was obliged to surrender a year later to George Monck, the Commonwealth commander in chief in Scotland.

Quinte, Bay Of

2005-02-23T10:55:00.000-08:00

Arm of Lake Ontario, southeastern Ontario, Canada, extending for 75 miles (121 km) from its entrance near Amherst Island to Murray Canal at the western end. It is a narrow bay, ranging from one to six miles in width. The bay is scenic, having many small inlets; and it receives several rivers from the north, including the Trent, Moira, Salmon, and Napanee. The head of the bay connects with

Air Warfare, Strategic bombing

2005-02-22T20:32:00.000-08:00

The importance of ECM in long-range bombing became apparent in 1972, when U.S. B-52 Stratofortresses struck targets in North Vietnam. By flying under escort at night and at about 30,000 feet, the B-52s were reasonably safe from MiG fighters and antiaircraft guns, and Wild Weasel and chaff-dropping aircraft helped suppress the SA-2s. But the most important ECM was provided by jammers built

Ireland

2005-02-22T15:38:00.000-08:00

The republic of Ireland, separated from Great Britain by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St. George's Channel, shares its island with Northern Ireland to the northeast. Area: 70,285 sq km (27,137 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 3,512,000. Cap.: Dublin. Monetary unit: Irish pound (punt), with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of £Ir 0.64 to U.S. $1 (£Ir 1.01 = £1 sterling). President in 1994, Mary Robinson; prime ministers, Albert Reynolds and, from December 15, John

Latimer, Hugh

2005-02-21T19:32:00.000-08:00

Latimer was the son of a prosperous yeoman farmer. Educated at the University of Cambridge, he was ordained a priest about 1510. In the two decades before 1530 he gradually acquired

Gonzaga University

2005-02-21T16:37:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Spokane, Washington, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences and schools of business administration, education, engineering, professional studies, and law, as well as a graduate school. In addition to undergraduate studies

Hooker, Richard

2005-02-21T01:42:00.000-08:00

Theologian who created a distinctive Anglican theology, and a master of English prose and legal philosophy. In his masterpiece, Of the lawes of ecclesiasticall politie, which was incomplete at the time of his death, Hooker defended the Church of England against both Roman Catholics and Puritans

Hooker, Richard

2005-02-19T17:48:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Xinhua , Wade-Giles romanization Hsinhua news agency of the People's Republic of China, founded in 1929 as the press outlet of the Chinese Communist Party. The agency is headquartered in Peking and has offices around the world. NCNA has domestic and international services for Chinese and non-Chinese media. Like other news media in China, it operates under governmental control, and its releases reflect official

Isaiah, Ascension Of

2005-02-18T13:26:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal work surviving intact only in a 5th–7th-century-AD Ethiopic edition. Fragments exist in Greek, Coptic, Latin, and Old Slavonic. Three separate works comprise the total book, the final version by a Christian editor, which appeared in the 2nd century AD. The first section is entitled “The Martyrdom of Isaiah,” a Midrash on the Manasseh story in II Kings 21, possibly written

Yin Mountains

2005-02-18T01:10:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles and Pinyin romanization Yin Shan, range in the Inner Mongolian autonomous ch'ü (region), China, comprising the Ta-ch'ing, Wu-la, Hara-narin, Sheyten, and Lang mountains. The Yin Mountains mostly rise to heights of about 6,500 feet (2,000 m). The highest peaks in the southwestern Ta-ch'ing Mountains reach 7,175 feet (2,187 m). The subranges run roughly east to west along the northern bend of the Huang Ho (Yellow River) to the north of the Ordos

Zephaniah, Book Of

2005-02-17T20:28:00.000-08:00

The dominant theme of the

Kadesh

2005-02-16T15:20:00.000-08:00

Kadesh is mentioned for the first time in Egyptian sources when Thutmose III (1479–1426 BC) defeated a Syrian insurrection under the leadership of the prince of Kadesh at Megiddo in Palestine. Kadesh remained an outpost of Egyptian

Arabia, History Of, The Zaydis and 'Alawis

2005-02-16T05:32:00.000-08:00

In the mid-10th century a refugee from disturbances in Iraq, Ahmad

Bradford

2005-02-15T09:42:00.000-08:00

City, McKean county, northern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the forks of the Tunungwant (Tuna) River, near the New York state border. Settlers first came to the area about 1823 or 1827, but Bradford itself was not established until 1837. First called Littleton, it took the name Bradford after 1854, probably for the New Hampshire home of many of its settlers. The discovery of oil (1871) brought sudden wealth,

Fighter Aircraft

2005-02-14T17:46:00.000-08:00

Aircraft designed primarily to secure control of essential airspace by destroying enemy aircraft in combat. The opposition may consist of fighters of equal capability or of bombers carrying protective armament. For such purposes fighters must be capable of the highest possible performance in order to be able to outfly and outmaneuver opposing fighters. Above

Quintet

2005-02-14T06:24:00.000-08:00

Musical composition for five instruments or voices; also the group of musicians engaged in the performance of such a composition. The string quintet normally includes two violins, two violas, and a cello. Mozart's six works for this medium are usually considered his greatest achievement in chamber music. The composer and virtuoso cellist Luigi Boccherini favoured

Camaieu

2005-02-13T22:50:00.000-08:00

Plural Camaieux, painting technique by which an image is executed either entirely in shades of a single colour or in several tints unnatural to the object, figure, or scene represented. When a picture is monochromatically rendered in gray, it is called grisaille; when in yellow, cirage. Originating in the ancient world, camaieu was used in miniature painting to simulate cameos and

Sicyon

2005-02-12T11:35:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Secyon, Modern Greek Sikión, ancient Greek city in the northern Peloponnese about 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Corinth. Inhabited in Mycenaean times and later invaded by Dorians, Sicyon was subject to Argos for several centuries. In the 7th century BC, Sicyonian independence was established by non-Dorian tyrants, the Orthagorids. Under the Orthagorid ruler Cleisthenes (grandfather of the Athenian

Pachacamac

2005-02-12T03:12:00.000-08:00

Creator deity worshipped by the pre-Inca maritime population of Peru; it was also the name of a pilgrimage site in the Lurín Valley (south of Lima) dedicated to the god and revered for many centuries. After the Incas conquered the coast, they did not attempt to replace the ancient and deeply rooted worship of Pachacamac but instead incorporated him into their own pantheon.

Qatar, Resources

2005-02-11T03:34:00.000-08:00

Qatar's petroleum reserves, found both onshore along the western coast at Dukhan and offshore from the eastern coast, are modest by regional standards and are expected to last only until the early decades of the 21st century at present rates of production. Oil continues to dominate Qatar's economy, however, accounting for the great bulk of government revenues and one-third

Morazán, Francisco

2005-02-09T23:20:00.000-08:00

Self-educated, Morazán began his political career in his native Honduras. In 1827, at age 35, he led the Liberal Party's forces in a revolt against Manuel José Arce, first president

Murji'ah

2005-02-09T02:55:00.000-08:00

The Murji'ah flourished during the turbulent period of Islamic history that began with the murder of 'Uthman (third caliph) in AD 656, and ended with the assassination of 'Ali (fourth

Louis

2005-02-08T08:41:00.000-08:00

Also called Louis D'or, gold coin circulated in France before the Revolution. The franc (q.v.) and livre were silver coins that had shrunk in value to such an extent that by 1740 coins of a larger denomination were needed. The French kings therefore had gold coins struck and called after their name Louis, or louis d'or (“gold Louis”). After the Revolution, Napoleon continued the practice but called the

Table Bay

2005-02-07T17:58:00.000-08:00

Bay of the Atlantic Ocean near the southern tip of Africa forming the harbour of Cape Town. Extending north from Cape Town to Melkbosstrand, the bay is 12 mi (19 km) long and 8 mi wide; it contains Robben Island (q.v.) and is overlooked by Table Mountain. Portuguese navigators were the first Europeans to see the bay (c. 1500). Although it was less well sheltered than other bays along the coast,

Dacke War

2005-02-06T06:20:00.000-08:00

Led by Nils Dacke, an outlaw, the peasants of the province of Småland took up arms against the King in the spring of 1542 in protest against the royal

Pa Hsien

2005-02-06T02:01:00.000-08:00

In Chinese art they sometimes also

Hou T'u

2005-02-05T05:13:00.000-08:00

At various times and in various

Biblical Literature, Texts and manuscripts

2005-02-05T03:31:00.000-08:00

In referring to manuscript text types by their place of origin, one posits the idea that the major centers of Christendom established more or less standard texts: Alexandria; Caesarea and Antioch (Eastern); Italy and Gallia plus Africa (Western); Constantinople, the home for the Byzantine text type or the Textus Receptus. While such a geographical scheme has become

Russell Cave National Monument

2005-02-04T01:48:00.000-08:00

Portion of a limestone cavern in northeastern Alabama, U.S., 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Bridgeport and just south of the Alabama-Tennessee border. The cave and site area (0.5 square mile [1.3 square km]) were given to the National Park Service by the National Geographic Society in 1958, and the national monument was created in 1961. The cave is named for Thomas Russell, a veteran of the American

Libya, Relief

2005-02-03T20:12:00.000-08:00

The Al-Jifarah Plain

Aceh

2005-02-03T05:41:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Acheh, Achin, or Atjeh, daerah istimewa (special district) of Sumatra, Indonesia, forming the northern extremity of the island. The district's boundary with Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra) propinsi (province) to the east extends north-south from Salahaji on the northeastern coast just north of Aru Bay to a point on the southwestern coast about midway between Singkilbaru and Barus. Aceh, covering

Water Witch Incident

2005-02-03T04:53:00.000-08:00

In 1853 the “Water Witch” set out on a scientific study, organized by the U.S. government, of the Río de La Plata waterways. In 1854, after Page became involved in a

Athaliah

2005-02-01T22:58:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Athalia, in the Old Testament, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel and wife of Jeham, king of Judah. After the death of Ahaziah, her son, Athaliah usurped the throne and reigned for seven years. She massacred all the members of the royal house of Judah (II Kings 11:1–3), except Joash. A successful revolution was organized in favour of Joash, and she was killed. The story of Athaliah forms the subject

Regal

2005-01-31T16:51:00.000-08:00

Also called Reed Organ, a small, easily portable pipe organ usually having only a single set, or rank, of reed pipes. The beating reeds are surmounted by small resonators, producing a nasal, buzzing tone. Wind under pressure to sound the pipes is supplied by one or two bellows attached to the instrument and operated by the player or an assistant. The so-called bible regal, of the 16th century and later,

Kyoto, Climate

2005-01-31T06:51:00.000-08:00

During spring and fall Kyoto is in its prime; the rainy season (June–July), lasting three to four weeks, is unavoidable; and summers are hot and humid. Winter brings two or three light snows and a unique “chilling from below” (sokobie), which must be tolerated. The yearly mean temperature of Kyoto is about 59° F (15° C); the highest monthly mean, 80° F (27° C), is in August, and the lowest, 38° F (3° C), is in January.

Pereira, Irene Rice

2005-01-30T02:28:00.000-08:00

Irene Rice moved a number of times with her family before they settled in Brooklyn, New York City. After exploring other careers, from 1927 to 1930 she studied at the Art Students League in New York. In 1929 she married commercial artist Humberto Pereira,

Pendle

2005-01-29T11:27:00.000-08:00

Borough (district), administrative county of Lancashire, England, on the eastern boundary of the county. Most of the borough—including its largest towns Burnley, Nelson, and Colne—lies in the historic county of Lancashire, but an area in the northeast, including the towns of Barnoldswick and Earby, belongs to the historic county of Yorkshire. The borough takes its name

Pre-columbian Civilizations, Civil war on the eve of the Spanish conquest

2005-01-29T10:30:00.000-08:00

Huayna Capac's father had begun the custom of marrying a full sister in order to keep the royal bloodline pure and, more importantly, to prevent conflict over succession. According to this custom, one sister became the principal wife of the emperor, and one of their sons became the next ruler. As noted above, this system had failed at Huayna Capac's succession. Nor did it

Philip Ii

2005-01-28T23:34:00.000-08:00

In 358 he invaded Paeonia, and then he defeated the Illyrians decisively, in a battle that already suggests a master of war. The next year his marriage with Olympias, the Molossian princess of Epirus (the mother of Alexander the Great), helped to stabilize his western frontier. Now he ventured to antagonize Athens by recapturing Amphipolis, the strategic key securing the

Monastery

2005-01-28T09:37:00.000-08:00

Local community or residence of a religious order, particularly an order of monks. See abbey; monasticism.

Black Market

2005-01-27T15:26:00.000-08:00

Trading in violation of publicly imposed regulations such as rationing laws, laws against certain goods, and official rates of exchange among currencies. Rationing is common in wartime in order to equalize the distribution of scarce goods and services; black-market activity may consist of charging more than the legal prices, stealing or counterfeiting ration

Biblical Literature, The Holiness Code

2005-01-26T23:48:00.000-08:00

Next (chapters 17–26) comes what has been designated the “Holiness Code,” or “Law of Holiness,” which scholars regard as a separate, distinctive unit within the P material (designated H). It calls upon the people to be holy as God is holy by carrying out his laws, both ritual and moral, and by avoiding the polluting practices of neighbouring peoples; and it proceeds to lay down laws,

Kiriwina Islands

2005-01-25T14:30:00.000-08:00

Also called Trobriand Islands coral formations in the Solomon Sea of the southwestern Pacific, Papua New Guinea, 90 miles (145 km) north of the southeasternmost extension of the island of New Guinea. The low-lying group, all of coralline limestone and many fringed by coral reefs, comprises four larger islands, Kiriwina (Trobriand), Kaileuna, Vakuta, and Kitava, and several islets, with a total land area of about

Technology, History Of, The putative autonomy of technology

2005-01-25T01:09:00.000-08:00

Secondly, the definition of technology as the systematic study of techniques for making and doing things establishes technology as a social phenomenon and thus as one that cannot possess complete autonomy, unaffected by the society in which it exists. It is necessary to make what may seem to be such an obvious statement because so much autonomy has been ascribed

Oak Park

2005-01-24T03:28:00.000-08:00

Village, Cook county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It is a western suburb of Chicago. Settled in 1833 by Joseph Kettlestrings, who operated a sawmill on the east bank of the Des Plaines River, it was originally called Oak Ridge and served as a stopping place for farmers taking their produce into Chicago. In 1871, after the Chicago fire, the population grew rapidly. The village, primarily

Gnadenhütten Massacre

2005-01-24T03:07:00.000-08:00

(March 8, 1782), murder of 96 Ohio Indians, mostly Delawares, by an American Revolutionary War officer, Captain David Williamson, and his militia at Gnadenhütten Village south of what is now New Philadelphia, Ohio. The Indians, who had been converted by Moravian Brethren and were peaceful Christians, were under suspicion because of their neutrality in the war. Williamson and

Cojutepeque

2005-01-23T20:00:00.000-08:00

Capital of Cuscatlán department, central El Salvador, located near Lake Ilopango on the Inter-American Highway, a section of the Pan-American Highway, at the northern foot of Cerro Las Pavas. Originally an Indian settlement, it was founded in 1571 and was declared a town in 1787 and a city in 1846. The economy is based on agriculture and associated industries (sugar milling, liquor

Korea Warm Current, East

2005-01-22T21:23:00.000-08:00

Surface oceanic current, the northward-flowing branch of the Tsushima Current in the Sea of Japan. After flowing along the coast of Korea, the East Korea Warm Current turns eastward and divides into the Tsugaru Warm Current and the Soya Warm Current. The Tsugaru Warm Current enters the Pacific Ocean through the Tsugaru Strait, and the Soya Current enters the Sea of Okhotsk

Epistemology, Philosophy of mind and epistemology

2005-01-22T09:46:00.000-08:00

In the late 1970s a series of developments occurred in a variety of intellectual fields that promise to cast new light on the nature of the human mind. There have been explosive advances in neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, neurobiology, artificial intelligence, and computer studies. These have resulted in a new understanding of how seeing works, how the mind

Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

2005-01-21T01:01:00.000-08:00

American electronics company that shares credit with Texas Instruments Incorporated for the invention of the integrated circuit. Founded in 1957 in Santa Clara, California, Fairchild was among the earliest firms to successfully manufacture transistors and integrated circuits. Headquarters now are in South Portland, Maine, while research and production facilities